What is function overriding in C++?
In C++, Function Overriding is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, primarily used to achieve polymorphism. When a class (referred to as a derived class) inherits from another class (referred to as a base class), the derived class can define a function with the same name, return type, and parameter list as in the base class. This function defined in the derived class overrides the function with the same name in the base class.The primary purpose of function overriding is to allow the derived class to modify or extend the behavior inherited from the base class. At runtime, this enables objects to call functions in the derived class through base class pointers or references, forming the basis of polymorphic behavior.Example:Assume we have a base class and a derived class , as shown below:In this example, the class overrides the method in the class. When calling the method through an -type pointer or reference, if it points to a object, the method of the class is invoked:Here, although is an -type pointer, it actually points to a object, so the function overridden in is called, demonstrating polymorphism.Using the keyword is a good practice introduced in C++11, which allows the compiler to verify that the function correctly overrides the base class method. If not overridden correctly (e.g., mismatched parameter types), the compiler reports an error. This helps prevent errors caused by typos or mismatched function signatures.