How does Tauri implement IPC communication between frontend and Rust backend - 面试题

Tauri's IPC (Inter-Process Communication) mechanism is the core for communication between the frontend and Rust backend, primarily implemented through the following methods:

Frontend Calling Rust Backend

Use the invoke method from @tauri-apps/api/tauri:

typescript
import { invoke } from '@tauri-apps/api/tauri';

// Call Rust command
const result = await invoke('greet', { name: 'World' });

Defining Commands in Rust

Use the #[tauri::command] macro in src-tauri/src/main.rs:

rust
#[tauri::command]
fn greet(name: &str) -> String {
    format!("Hello, {}!", name)
}

fn main() {
    tauri::Builder::default()
        .invoke_handler(tauri::generate_handler![greet])
        .run(tauri::generate_context!())
        .expect("error while running tauri application");
}

Rust Backend Actively Pushing Messages to Frontend

Use the emit method:

rust
// Rust side
window.emit("event-name", payload)?;

// Frontend listening
import { listen } from '@tauri-apps/api/event';
const unlisten = await listen('event-name', (event) => {
    console.log(event.payload);
});

Data Serialization

Automatically uses JSON for serialization and deserialization
Supports complex data types (objects, arrays, etc.)
Rust side needs to implement Serialize and Deserialize traits

Error Handling

Rust side returning Result type is automatically converted to Promise
Frontend can use try-catch to catch errors