How can I read a single line from stdin in Rust?

In Rust, reading a line from stdin typically involves using the stdin function from the std::io module and the lines method from the BufRead trait. Here is a simple example demonstrating how to read a line (string) from standard input using Rust:

rust
use std::io::{self, BufRead};

fn main() {
    // Create a handle to stdin
    let stdin = io::stdin();

    // Read a line from stdin
    let mut line = String::new();
    println!("Enter a line of text:");
    match stdin.lock().read_line(&mut line) {
        Ok(_) => {
            // If successful, remove the newline character at the end of the string
            let line = line.trim_end();
            println!("You entered: {}", line);
        },
        Err(error) => {
            // If an error occurs, print the error message
            println!("Error reading line: {}", error);
        }
    }
}

In this example, we first import the relevant parts of the std::io module. Then, in the main function, we obtain a handle to stdin and create a new empty String object to store the line to be read. We use the read_line method to read a line of user input and store it in this String object. The read_line method returns a Result type, which helps us handle potential errors. If read_line succeeds, it returns Ok, containing the number of bytes read; if it fails, it returns an Err, containing the error information. In this example, we handle the Result using pattern matching: if successful, we print the input line; if an error occurs, we print the error message.

Note that the read_line method preserves the newline character at the end of the line, so we use the trim_end method to remove trailing whitespace characters, including the newline character. This gives us a clean line string.